| 해마다 10월이면 세계인들의 눈길이 스웨덴으로 쏠린다. 2009년 노벨상 수상자는 10월 5일 생리의학상을 시작으로 물리학상(6일), 화학상(7일), 문학상(8일), 평화상(9일), 경제학상(12일) 순으로 발표될 예정이다.
노벨상(Nobel Prize)은 다이너마이트의 발명가인 스웨덴의 알프레드 노벨의 유언에 따라 인류의 문명 발달에 학문적으로 기여한 사람에게 주어지는 상을 일컫는다. 노벨상은 살아있는 사람에게만 주어지며, 1901년부터 수여되었다.
노벨평화상만 노르웨이 오슬로에서 수여되며, 나머지 상은 스웨덴의 스톡홀름에서 수여된다. 경제학상은 1969년부터 스웨덴은행에 의해 제정되었고 나머지 5개 상은 처음부터 있었다.
우리나라는 2000년 고 김대중 전 대통령이 평화상을 받으며 노벨상과 첫 연을 맺었다. 그러나 그 후로 수상자는 없다.
[노벨상 선정 절차]
전년도 9월 전년도 수상자, 학자, 교수 등 1000명이 서면으로 후보자 추천
당해년도 2월 추천받은 후보자 연구성과 검토
당해년도 8월 6개 부문별 후보자 1~3명 선정
당해년도 9월 후보자 심사(표결) 후 결정
당해년도 10월 수상자 발표
[역대 노벨상 수상자]
2012 - Physics, Serge Haroche, David J. Wineland
Chemistry, Robert J. Lefkowitz, Brian K. Kobilka
Physiology or Medicine, Sir John B. Gurdon, Shinya Yamanaka
Literature, Mo Yan
Peace, European Union (EU)
Economics, Alvin E. Roth, Lloyd S. Shapley
2011 - Physics , Saul Perlmutter, Brian P. Schmidt, Adam G. Riess
Chemistry, Dan Shechtman
Physiology or Medicine, Bruce A. Beutler, Jules A. Hoffmann, Ralph M. Steinman
Literature - Thomas Tranströmer
Peace -Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, Leymah Gbowee, Tawakkol Karman
Economics - Thomas J. Sargent, Christopher A. Sims
2010 - Physics, Andre Geim, Konstantin Novoselov
Chemistry, Richard F. Heck, Ei-ichi Negishi, Akira Suzuki
Physiology or Medicine, Robert G. Edwards
Literature, Mario Vargas Llosa
Peace, Liu Xiaobo
Economics - Peter A. Diamond, Dale T. Mortensen, Christopher A. Pissarides
2009 - Medicine, Elizabeth H. Blackburn, Carol W. Greider, Jack W. Szostak
Physics, Charles Kuen Kao, Willard S. Boyle, George E. Smith
Chemistry, Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, Thomas A. Steitz, Ada E. Yonath
Literature, Herta Müller
Peace, Barack H. Obama
Economics, Elinor Ostrom, Oliver E. Williamson
2008 - Chemistry, Martin Chalfie
Chemistry, Osamu Shimomura
Chemistry, Roger Y. Tsien
Economics, Paul Krugman
Literature, Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio
Medicine, Françoise Barré-Sinoussi
Medicine, Luc Montagnier
Medicine, Harald zur Hausen
Peace, Martti Ahtisaari
Physics, Makoto Kobayashi
Physics, Toshihide Maskawa
Physics, Yoichiro Nambu
2007 - Chemistry, Gerhard Ertl
Economics, Leonid Hurwicz
Economics, Eric S. Maskin
Economics, Roger B. Myerson
Literature, Doris Lessing
Medicine, Mario R. Capecchi
Medicine, Sir Martin J. Evans
Medicine, Oliver Smithies
Peace, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
Peace, Al Gore
Physics, Albert Fert
Physics, Peter Grünberg
2006 - Chemistry, Roger D. Kornberg
Economics, Edmund S. Phelps
Literature, Orhan Pamuk
Medicine, Andrew Z. Fire
Medicine, Craig C. Mello
Peace, Grameen Bank
Peace, Muhammad Yunus
Physics, John C. Mather
Physics, George F. Smoot
2005 - Chemistry, Yves Chauvin
Chemistry, Robert H. Grubbs
Chemistry, Richard R. Schrock
Economics, Robert J. Aumann
Economics, Thomas C. Schelling
Literature, Harold Pinter
Medicine, Barry J. Marshall
Medicine, J. Robin Warren
Peace, International Atomic Energy Agency
Peace, Mohamed ElBaradei
Physics, Roy J. Glauber
Physics, John L. Hall
Physics, Theodor W. Hänsch
2004 - Chemistry, Aaron Ciechanover
Chemistry, Avram Hershko
Chemistry, Irwin Rose
Economics, Finn E. Kydland
Economics, Edward C. Prescott
Literature, Elfriede Jelinek
Medicine, Richard Axel
Medicine, Linda B. Buck
Peace, Wangari Maathai
Physics, David J. Gross
Physics, H. David Politzer
Physics, Frank Wilczek
2003 - Chemistry, Peter Agre
Chemistry, Roderick MacKinnon
Economics, Robert F. Engle III
Economics, Clive W.J. Granger
Literature, J. M. Coetzee
Medicine, Paul C. Lauterbur
Medicine, Sir Peter Mansfield
Peace, Shirin Ebadi
Physics, Alexei A. Abrikosov
Physics, Vitaly L. Ginzburg
Physics, Anthony J. Leggett
2002 - Chemistry, John B. Fenn
Chemistry, Koichi Tanaka
Chemistry, Kurt Wüthrich
Economics, Daniel Kahneman
Economics, Vernon L. Smith
Literature, Imre Kertész
Medicine, Sydney Brenner
Medicine, H. Robert Horvitz
Medicine, John E. Sulston
Peace, Jimmy Carter
Physics, Raymond Davis Jr.
Physics, Riccardo Giacconi
Physics, Masatoshi Koshiba
2001 - Chemistry, William S. Knowles
Chemistry, Ryoji Noyori
Chemistry, K. Barry Sharpless
Economics, George A. Akerlof
Economics, A. Michael Spence
Economics, Joseph E. Stiglitz
Literature, V. S. Naipaul
Medicine, Leland H. Hartwell
Medicine, Tim Hunt
Medicine, Sir Paul Nurse
Peace, United Nations
Peace, Kofi Annan
Physics, Eric A. Cornell
Physics, Wolfgang Ketterle
Physics, Carl E. Wieman
2000 - Chemistry, Alan Heeger
Chemistry, Alan G. MacDiarmid
Chemistry, Hideki Shirakawa
Economics, James J. Heckman
Economics, Daniel L. McFadden
Literature, Gao Xingjian
Medicine, Arvid Carlsson
Medicine, Paul Greengard
Medicine, Eric R. Kandel
Peace, Kim Dae-jung
Physics, Zhores I. Alferov
Physics, Jack S. Kilby
Physics, Herbert Kroemer
1999 - Chemistry, Ahmed Zewail
Economics, Robert A. Mundell
Literature, Günter Grass
Medicine, Günter Blobel
Peace, Médecins Sans Frontières
Physics, Gerardus 't Hooft
Physics, Martinus J.G. Veltman
1998 - Chemistry, Walter Kohn
Chemistry, John Pople
Economics, Amartya Sen
Literature, José Saramago
Medicine, Robert F. Furchgott
Medicine, Louis J. Ignarro
Medicine, Ferid Murad
Peace, John Hume
Peace, David Trimble
Physics, Robert B. Laughlin
Physics, Horst L. Störmer
Physics, Daniel C. Tsui
1997 - Chemistry, Paul D. Boyer
Chemistry, Jens C. Skou
Chemistry, John E. Walker
Economics, Robert C. Merton
Economics, Myron S. Scholes
Literature, Dario Fo
Medicine, Stanley B. Prusiner
Peace, International Campaign to Ban Landmines
Peace, Jody Williams
Physics, Steven Chu
Physics, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji
Physics, William D. Phillips
1996 - Chemistry, Robert F. Curl Jr.
Chemistry, Sir Harold Kroto
Chemistry, Richard E. Smalley
Economics, James A. Mirrlees
Economics, William Vickrey
Literature, Wislawa Szymborska
Medicine, Peter C. Doherty
Medicine, Rolf M. Zinkernagel
Peace, Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo
Peace, José Ramos-Horta
Physics, David M. Lee
Physics, Douglas D. Osheroff
Physics, Robert C. Richardson
1995 - Chemistry, Paul J. Crutzen
Chemistry, Mario J. Molina
Chemistry, F. Sherwood Rowland
Economics, Robert E. Lucas Jr.
Literature, Seamus Heaney
Medicine, Edward B. Lewis
Medicine, Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard
Medicine, Eric F. Wieschaus
Peace, Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs
Peace, Joseph Rotblat
Physics, Martin L. Perl
Physics, Frederick Reines
1994 - Chemistry, George A. Olah
Economics, John C. Harsanyi
Economics, John F. Nash Jr.
Economics, Reinhard Selten
Literature, Kenzaburo Oe
Medicine, Alfred G. Gilman
Medicine, Martin Rodbell
Peace, Yasser Arafat
Peace, Shimon Peres
Peace, Yitzhak Rabin
Physics, Bertram N. Brockhouse
Physics, Clifford G. Shull
1993 - Chemistry, Kary B. Mullis
Chemistry, Michael Smith
Economics, Robert W. Fogel
Economics, Douglass C. North
Literature, Toni Morrison
Medicine, Richard J. Roberts
Medicine, Phillip A. Sharp
Peace, F.W. de Klerk
Peace, Nelson Mandela
Physics, Russell A. Hulse
Physics, Joseph H. Taylor Jr.
1992 - Chemistry, Rudolph A. Marcus
Economics, Gary S. Becker
Literature, Derek Walcott
Medicine, Edmond H. Fischer
Medicine, Edwin G. Krebs
Peace, Rigoberta Menchú Tum
Physics, Georges Charpak
1991 - Chemistry, Richard R. Ernst
Economics, Ronald H. Coase
Literature, Nadine Gordimer
Medicine, Erwin Neher
Medicine, Bert Sakmann
Peace, Aung San Suu Kyi
Physics, Pierre-Gilles de Gennes
1990 - Chemistry, Elias James Corey
Economics, Harry M. Markowitz
Economics, Merton H. Miller
Economics, William F. Sharpe
Literature, Octavio Paz
Medicine, Joseph E. Murray
Medicine, E. Donnall Thomas
Peace, Mikhail Gorbachev
Physics, Jerome I. Friedman
Physics, Henry W. Kendall
Physics, Richard E. Taylor
1989 - Chemistry, Sidney Altman
Chemistry, Thomas R. Cech
Economics, Trygve Haavelmo
Literature, Camilo José Cela
Medicine, J. Michael Bishop
Medicine, Harold E. Varmus
Peace, The 14th Dalai Lama
Physics, Hans G. Dehmelt
Physics, Wolfgang Paul
Physics, Norman F. Ramsey
1988 - Chemistry, Johann Deisenhofer
Chemistry, Robert Huber
Chemistry, Hartmut Michel
Economics, Maurice Allais
Literature, Naguib Mahfouz
Medicine, Sir James W. Black
Medicine, Gertrude B. Elion
Medicine, George H. Hitchings
Peace, United Nations Peacekeeping Forces
Physics, Leon M. Lederman
Physics, Melvin Schwartz
Physics, Jack Steinberger
1987 - Chemistry, Donald J. Cram
Chemistry, Jean-Marie Lehn
Chemistry, Charles J. Pedersen
Economics, Robert M. Solow
Literature, Joseph Brodsky
Medicine, Susumu Tonegawa
Peace, Oscar Arias Sánchez
Physics, J. Georg Bednorz
Physics, K. Alex Müller
1986 - Chemistry, Dudley R. Herschbach
Chemistry, Yuan T. Lee
Chemistry, John C. Polanyi
Economics, James M. Buchanan Jr.
Literature, Wole Soyinka
Medicine, Stanley Cohen
Medicine, Rita Levi-Montalcini
Peace, Elie Wiesel
Physics, Gerd Binnig
Physics, Heinrich Rohrer
Physics, Ernst Ruska
1985 - Chemistry, Herbert A. Hauptman
Chemistry, Jerome Karle
Economics, Franco Modigliani
Literature, Claude Simon
Medicine, Michael S. Brown
Medicine, Joseph L. Goldstein
Peace, International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War
Physics, Klaus von Klitzing
1984 - Chemistry, Bruce Merrifield
Economics, Richard Stone
Literature, Jaroslav Seifert
Medicine, Niels K. Jerne
Medicine, Georges J.F. Köhler
Medicine, César Milstein
Peace, Desmond Tutu
Physics, Carlo Rubbia
Physics, Simon van der Meer
1983 - Chemistry, Henry Taube
Economics, Gerard Debreu
Literature, William Golding
Medicine, Barbara McClintock
Peace, Lech Walesa
Physics, Subramanyan Chandrasekhar
Physics, William A. Fowler
1982 - Chemistry, Aaron Klug
Economics, George J. Stigler
Literature, Gabriel García Márquez
Medicine, Sune K. Bergström
Medicine, Bengt I. Samuelsson
Medicine, John R. Vane
Peace, Alfonso García Robles
Peace, Alva Myrdal
Physics, Kenneth G. Wilson
1981 - Chemistry, Kenichi Fukui
Chemistry, Roald Hoffmann
Economics, James Tobin
Literature, Elias Canetti
Medicine, David H. Hubel
Medicine, Roger W. Sperry
Medicine, Torsten N. Wiesel
Peace, Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
Physics, Nicolaas Bloembergen
Physics, Arthur L. Schawlow
Physics, Kai M. Siegbahn
1980 - Chemistry, Paul Berg
Chemistry, Walter Gilbert
Chemistry, Frederick Sanger
Economics, Lawrence R. Klein
Literature, Czeslaw Milosz
Medicine, Baruj Benacerraf
Medicine, Jean Dausset
Medicine, George D. Snell
Peace, Adolfo Pérez Esquivel
Physics, James Cronin
Physics, Val Fitch
1979 - Chemistry, Herbert C. Brown
Chemistry, Georg Wittig
Economics, Sir Arthur Lewis
Economics, Theodore W. Schultz
Literature, Odysseus Elytis
Medicine, Allan M. Cormack
Medicine, Godfrey N. Hounsfield
Peace, Mother Teresa
Physics, Sheldon Glashow
Physics, Abdus Salam
Physics, Steven Weinberg
1978 - Chemistry, Peter Mitchell
Economics, Herbert A. Simon
Literature, Isaac Bashevis Singer
Medicine, Werner Arber
Medicine, Daniel Nathans
Medicine, Hamilton O. Smith
Peace, Anwar al-Sadat
Peace, Menachem Begin
Physics, Pyotr Kapitsa
Physics, Arno Penzias
Physics, Robert Woodrow Wilson
1977 - Chemistry, Ilya Prigogine
Economics, James E. Meade
Economics, Bertil Ohlin
Literature, Vicente Aleixandre
Medicine, Roger Guillemin
Medicine, Andrew V. Schally
Medicine, Rosalyn Yalow
Peace, Amnesty International
Physics, Philip W. Anderson
Physics, Sir Nevill F. Mott
Physics, John H. van Vleck
1976 - Chemistry, William Lipscomb
Economics, Milton Friedman
Literature, Saul Bellow
Medicine, Baruch S. Blumberg
Medicine, D. Carleton Gajdusek
Peace, Mairead Corrigan
Peace, Betty Williams
Physics, Burton Richter
Physics, Samuel C.C. Ting
1975 - Chemistry, John Cornforth
Chemistry, Vladimir Prelog
Economics, Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich
Economics, Tjalling C. Koopmans
Literature, Eugenio Montale
Medicine, David Baltimore
Medicine, Renato Dulbecco
Medicine, Howard M. Temin
Peace, Andrei Sakharov
Physics, Aage N. Bohr
Physics, Ben R. Mottelson
Physics, James Rainwater
1974 - Chemistry, Paul J. Flory
Economics, Gunnar Myrdal
Economics, Friedrich August von Hayek
Literature, Eyvind Johnson
Literature, Harry Martinson
Medicine, Albert Claude
Medicine, Christian de Duve
Medicine, George E. Palade
Peace, Seán MacBride
Peace, Eisaku Sato
Physics, Antony Hewish
Physics, Martin Ryle
1973 - Chemistry, Ernst Otto Fischer
Chemistry, Geoffrey Wilkinson
Economics, Wassily Leontief
Literature, Patrick White
Medicine, Konrad Lorenz
Medicine, Nikolaas Tinbergen
Medicine, Karl von Frisch
Peace, Le Duc Tho
Peace, Henry Kissinger
Physics, Leo Esaki
Physics, Ivar Giaever
Physics, Brian D. Josephson
1972 - Chemistry, Christian Anfinsen
Chemistry, Stanford Moore
Chemistry, William H. Stein
Economics, Kenneth J. Arrow
Economics, John R. Hicks
Literature, Heinrich Böll
Medicine, Gerald M. Edelman
Medicine, Rodney R. Porter
Peace, No Prize was Awarded
Physics, John Bardeen
Physics, Leon N. Cooper
Physics, Robert Schrieffer
1971 - Chemistry, Gerhard Herzberg
Economics, Simon Kuznets
Literature, Pablo Neruda
Medicine, Earl W. Sutherland, Jr.
Peace, Willy Brandt
Physics, Dennis Gabor
1970 - Chemistry, Luis Leloir
Economics, Paul A. Samuelson
Literature, Alexandr Solzhenitsyn
Medicine, Julius Axelrod
Medicine, Sir Bernard Katz
Medicine, Ulf von Euler
Peace, Norman Borlaug
Physics, Hannes Alfvén
Physics, Louis Néel
1969 - Chemistry, Derek Barton
Chemistry, Odd Hassel
Economics, Ragnar Frisch
Economics, Jan Tinbergen
Literature, Samuel Beckett
Medicine, Max Delbrück
Medicine, Alfred D. Hershey
Medicine, Salvador E. Luria
Peace, International Labour Organization
Physics, Murray Gell-Mann
1968 - Chemistry, Lars Onsager
Literature, Yasunari Kawabata
Medicine, Robert W. Holley
Medicine, H. Gobind Khorana
Medicine, Marshall W. Nirenberg
Peace, René Cassin
Physics, Luis Alvarez
1967 - Chemistry, Manfred Eigen
Chemistry, Ronald G.W. Norrish
Chemistry, George Porter
Literature, Miguel Angel Asturias
Medicine, Ragnar Granit
Medicine, Haldan K. Hartline
Medicine, George Wald
Peace, No Prize was Awarded
Physics, Hans Bethe
1966 - Chemistry, Robert S. Mulliken
Literature, Shmuel Agnon
Literature, Nelly Sachs
Medicine, Charles B. Huggins
Medicine, Peyton Rous
Peace, No Prize was Awarded
Physics, Alfred Kastler
1965 - Chemistry, Robert B. Woodward
Literature, Mikhail Sholokhov
Medicine, François Jacob
Medicine, André Lwoff
Medicine, Jacques Monod
Peace, United Nations Children's Fund
Physics, Richard P. Feynman
Physics, Julian Schwinger
Physics, Sin-Itiro Tomonaga
1964 - Chemistry, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin
Literature, Jean-Paul Sartre
Medicine, Konrad Bloch
Medicine, Feodor Lynen
Peace, Martin Luther King Jr.
Physics, Nicolay G. Basov
Physics, Aleksandr M. Prokhorov
Physics, Charles H. Townes
1963 - Chemistry, Giulio Natta
Chemistry, Karl Ziegler
Literature, Giorgos Seferis
Medicine, Sir John Eccles
Medicine, Alan L. Hodgkin
Medicine, Andrew F. Huxley
Peace, International Committee of the Red Cross
Peace, League of Red Cross Societies
Physics, Maria Goeppert-Mayer
Physics, J. Hans D. Jensen
Physics, Eugene Wigner
1962 - Chemistry, John C. Kendrew
Chemistry, Max F. Perutz
Literature, John Steinbeck
Medicine, Francis Crick
Medicine, James Watson
Medicine, Maurice Wilkins
Peace, Linus Pauling
Physics, Lev Landau
1961 - Chemistry, Melvin Calvin
Literature, Ivo Andric
Medicine, Georg von Békésy
Peace, Dag Hammarskjöld
Physics, Robert Hofstadter
Physics, Rudolf Mössbauer
1960 - Chemistry, Willard F. Libby
Literature, Saint-John Perse
Medicine, Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet
Medicine, Peter Medawar
Peace, Albert Lutuli
Physics, Donald A. Glaser
1959 - Chemistry, Jaroslav Heyrovsky
Literature, Salvatore Quasimodo
Medicine, Arthur Kornberg
Medicine, Severo Ochoa
Peace, Philip Noel-Baker
Physics, Owen Chamberlain
Physics, Emilio Segrè
1958 - Chemistry, Frederick Sanger
Literature, Boris Pasternak
Medicine, George Beadle
Medicine, Joshua Lederberg
Medicine, Edward Tatum
Peace, Georges Pire
Physics, Pavel A. Cherenkov
Physics, Il´ja M. Frank
Physics, Igor Y. Tamm
1957 - Chemistry, Lord Todd
Literature, Albert Camus
Medicine, Daniel Bovet
Peace, Lester Bowles Pearson
Physics, Tsung-Dao Lee
Physics, Chen Ning Yang
1956 - Chemistry, Sir Cyril Hinshelwood
Chemistry, Nikolay Semenov
Literature, Juan Ramón Jiménez
Medicine, André F. Cournand
Medicine, Werner Forssmann
Medicine, Dickinson W. Richards
Peace, No Prize was Awarded
Physics, John Bardeen
Physics, Walter H. Brattain
Physics, William B. Shockley
1955 - Chemistry, Vincent du Vigneaud
Literature, Halldór Laxness
Medicine, Hugo Theorell
Peace, No Prize was Awarded
Physics, Polykarp Kusch
Physics, Willis E. Lamb
1954 - Chemistry, Linus Pauling
Literature, Ernest Hemingway
Medicine, John F. Enders
Medicine, Frederick C. Robbins
Medicine, Thomas H. Weller
Peace, Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
Physics, Max Born
Physics, Walther Bothe
1953 - Chemistry, Hermann Staudinger
Literature, Winston Churchill
Medicine, Hans Krebs
Medicine, Fritz Lipmann
Peace, George C. Marshall
Physics, Frits Zernike
1952 - Chemistry, Archer J.P. Martin
Chemistry, Richard L.M. Synge
Literature, François Mauriac
Medicine, Selman A. Waksman
Peace, Albert Schweitzer
Physics, Felix Bloch
Physics, E. M. Purcell
1951 - Chemistry, Edwin M. McMillan
Chemistry, Glenn T. Seaborg
Literature, Pär Lagerkvist
Medicine, Max Theiler
Peace, Léon Jouhaux
Physics, John Cockcroft
Physics, Ernest T.S. Walton
(1951년도 이전 수상자 명단 바로가기)
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